1984) ("Disclosure would reveal not only the applicants' names and addresses, but also their personal interests in water sports and the out-of-doors."). Aug. 8, 2002) (observing that the FBI "need not make a wholesale disclosure about an individual just because he is a publicly acknowledged FBI source") (Exemption 7(C)). 2004) (Indian tribes (citing Indian Law Res. MCI Telecomms. (There is "no FOIA-recognized public interest in discovering wrongdoing by a state agency.") 1952), cert. https://www.mdpi.com/openaccess. 262. IV, No. Tex. (104) Such a focus on the "parties' intentions," it declared, "would cause the court to engage in spurious inquiries into the mind" and would be at odds with the decision in Critical Mass, which emphasized that "the voluntary versus mandatory distinction [is] an objective test." 2, at 1; FOIA Update, Vol. McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. NASA, 895 F. Supp. 2d 1, 5-6 (D.D.C. Cal. Id. But see Memorandum for the President's Management Council 1 (Mar. at 39. 103. 2, at 5 (same). Citizen, 2000 U.S. Dist. Cobell v. Norton, 157 F. Supp. Citizen Health Research Group v. FDA, 964 F. Supp. 96-2662 (8th Cir. Circuit observed in Critical Mass that this test was "objective" and that the agency invoking it "must meet the burden of proving the provider's custom." 1996) (alternative holding) (reverse FOIA suit), appeal dismissed, No. (331), Neither the willingness of the requester to restrict circulation of the information (332) nor a claim by the requester that it is not a competitor of the submitter (333) should logically defeat a showing of competitive harm. XVIII, No. Landlords must provide educational materials about bedbugs to new and existing tenants, including information on bedbugs and how to prevent and control bedbugs. In Worthington Compressors, Inc. v. Costle, (326) the D.C. 1942); Citizens Banking Co. v. Monticello State Bank, 143 F.2d 261 (8th Cir. (113), By contrast, a Native Hawaiian group brought suit to enjoin the Department of the Navy from making public certain information concerning a large group of Native Hawaiian human remains that had been inventoried pursuant to the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act. Pub. at 252 (rejecting, as "absurd," a submitter's contention that companies would be less likely to conduct and report safety tests to the FDA for fear of public disclosure, because the companies' own interests in engendering good will and in avoiding product liability suits is sufficient assurance that they will conduct "the most complete testing program" possible). Circuit Court Judge Randolph, joined by Circuit Court Judge Williams, suggested in a concurring opinion in Critical Mass Energy Project v. NRC, that if it were a question of first impression, they would "apply the common meaning of [the word] 'confidential' and [would] reject" the National Parks test altogether. Schiffer v. FBI, 78 F.3d 1405, 1411 (9th Cir. On the statute of limitations, see Union Carbide & Carbon Corp. v. Nisley, 300 F.2d 561 (10th Cir. . at 13-15 (E.D. In appointing class counsel, the court: (i) the work counsel has done in identifying or investigating potential claims in the action; (ii) counsel's experience in handling class actions, other complex litigation, and the types of claims asserted in the action; (iii) counsel's knowledge of the applicable law; and. Circuit agreed with the district court's conclusion that the reports were commercial in nature, that they were provided to the agency on a voluntary basis, and that the submitter did not customarily release them to the public. Citizen Health Research Group v. FDA, No. A-97-CA-259, slip op. . In National Association of Retired Federal Employees v. Horner [hereinafter NARFE], the D.C. 2d 32, 36-37 (D.D.C. 1995) (reverse FOIA suit), vacated as moot, No. Rather, the requester must produce evidence that would warrant a belief by a reasonable person that the alleged Government impropriety might have occurred." In Proceedings of the 2020 2nd Novel Intelligent and Leading Emerging Sciences Conference (NILES), Giza, Egypt, 2426 October 2020; pp. ; accord Attorney General's Memorandum for Heads of All Federal Departments and Agencies Regarding the Freedom of Information Act (Oct. 12, 2001), reprinted in FOIA Post (posted 10/15/01) (emphasizing importance of "preserving personal privacy" under FOIA); FOIA Post, "New Attorney General FOIA Memorandum Issued" (posted 10/15/01) (noting that the Ashcroft FOIA Memorandum "places particular emphasis on the right to privacy among the other interests that are protected by the FOIA's exemptions"). 01-1537 (4th Cir. 00-0848, slip op. 267. 8 (1866); Brown v. Vermuden, 1 Ch.Cas. See Chamberlain, 589 F.2d at 841-42; cf. Here is a look at some of the landlord disclosures required in Washington*. (247) Because the case was remanded once again (and ultimately was settled), the court did not actually rule on the outcome of such a balancing process. dism., 371 U.S. 801 (1963); York v. Guaranty Trust Co., 143 F.2d 503, 529 (2d Cir. Mar. 2d 1188, 1195 (S.D. It should be based on a solid record supporting the conclusion that the proposed settlement will likely earn final approval after notice and an opportunity to object. (14 Me. Utah v. United States Dep't of the Interior, 256 F.3d 967, 971 (10th Cir. See Wash. Research Project, Inc. v. HEW, 504 F.2d 238, 244 (D.C. Cir. 211. Nabipour, N.; Dehghani, M.; Mosavi, A.; Shamshirband, S. Short-Term Hydrological Drought Forecasting Based on Different Nature-Inspired Optimization Algorithms Hybridized With Artificial Neural Networks. (116) The agency explained that if it had found the nominee's description of a given severance agreement to be lacking, "'the most [it] could have required him to do was to provide a more detailed description of the agreement's terms.'" Kuhns contribution to the philosophy of science marked not only a break with several key positivist doctrines, but also inaugurated a new style of philosophy of science that brought it closer to the history of science. Va. Sept. 10, 1992) (bench order). app. paper provides an outlook on future directions of research or possible applications. Subdivision (d)(2) sets out a non-exhaustive list of possible occasions for orders requiring notice to the class. See, e.g., Gullo v. Veterans Coop. . Compare Christopher, et al. See, e.g., CNA, 830 F.2d at 1154 (declaring that "unfavorable publicity" and "demoralized" employees insufficient for showing of competitive harm); Pub. 1991), grant of summary judgment to agency aff'd en banc, 975 F.2d 871 (D.C. Cir. 14. 92-1068, slip op. 2d 1088, 1093 (D. Or. 251. Ga. Sept. 22, 1994) (far-reaching decision requiring disclosure of successful job applicant's "undergraduate grades; private sector performance awards; foreign language abilities; and his answers to questions concerning prior firings, etc., convictions, delinquencies on federal debt, and pending charges against him"); Associated Gen. (262) Indeed, an individual has a very strong interest in allegations of wrongdoing or in the fact that he or she was a target of a law enforcement investigation, even when the alleged wrongdoing occurred in the course of the individual's professional activities. 4, at 3-5 ("OIP Guidance: Copyrighted Materials and the FOIA"). 93. May 1, 1998), rev'd on other grounds, 180 F.3d 303 (D.C. Cir. Rev. See 124 S. Ct. at 1577 (distinguishing "survivor privacy" basis from any "reputation[al]" basis for privacy protection); see also FOIA Post, "Supreme Court Rules for 'Survivor Privacy' in Favish" (posted 4/9/04) (advising that "the proper application of [the 'survivor privacy'] principle involves protection of the interests of a decedent's survivors themselves"). Pub. 159. 1991) (finding that release of the audiotape of the Challenger astronauts' voices just prior to the explosion would not serve the "undeniable interest in learning about NASA's conduct before, during and after the Challenger disaster"). 276. Chafee, supra, at 201. 89-0746, 1992 WL 71394, at *6 (D.D.C. at 514 (nine-year-old data protected); Timken Co. v. United States Customs Serv., 3 Gov't Disclosure Serv. Caritas in veritate Circuit case. Paragraph (2)(B) states the basic standard the court should use in deciding whether to certify the class and appoint class counsel in the single applicant situationthat the applicant be able to provide the representation called for by paragraph (1)(B) in light of the factors identified in paragraph (1)(C). 97-2176, slip op. LEXIS 5525, at *47 (D. Conn. Mar. The court should direct when the fee motion must be filed. (129) By contrast, the third submitter admitted that it was not "'certain[]'" how the agency "'came into possession of the report,'" but was able to state that the report had not been "'requested'" or paid for by any federal agency and that it did know that it had sent "courtesy" copies of it "to various government officials." 957 (D.Del. See FOIA Update, Vol. 827 (1882) and former Equity Rule 94, promulgated January 23, 1882, 104 U.S. IX. Richard and Saladin finally came to an agreement, the Treaty of Ramla in 1192, whereby Jerusalem would remain in Muslim control but be open to Christian pilgrimages. 93-1380, at 13 (1974); United States Dep't of Justice v. Reporters Comm. (4) Duty of Class Counsel. Nor would [they] reveal anything about the potential misuse of public funds."). (, A landlord can require that all tenant requests concerning security devices to be in writing, if the requirement is in the lease in boldface type or underlined. for Pub. 197, 202 (D.D.C. 2d 1087, 1098 (E.D. 95-0254, slip op. 167. Cal. 323, 330 n.4 (D.D.C. Designed by Elegant Themes | Powered by WordPress. 99-2383, slip op. (29), Conversely, in a highly questionable ruling, the District Court for the Southern District of New York inexplicably held that documents submitted by the General Electric Company (GE) to EPA supporting GE's alternative Hudson River dredging plan -- which would have been less costly to GE than the plan scheduled to be imposed on it by EPA -- were somehow not "commercial" under Exemption 4. The individual encoder layer comprises two sublayers: a fully connected feedforward sublayer (, The decoder consists of an input layer, four interchangeable decoder layers (, The model was trained to predict hydrological drought for 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180 days into the future from the daily discharge data within a water year between 1928 and 2020 (i.e., 33,602 training days). Responsibility v. United States Secret Serv., 72 F.3d 897, 904-05 (D.C. Cir. Depending on an offenders criminal history, this information will include either the address at which the offender resides or the community of residence and ZIP Code in which he or she resides. (Cal. (149), Prior to Reporters Committee, some courts held that the public interest in disclosure may be embodied in other federal statutes. July 8, 1997); Hunt v. United States Marine Corps, 935 F. Supp. 2, at 6-7. 90. 4, at 3; see also Core v. USPS, 730 F.2d 946, 948 (4th Cir. VIII, No. Id. Psionic attacks and telepathy are among their primary battle tactics. 1998) (unpublished table decision); Citizens Comm'n on Human Rights v. FDA, No. 423. (156) The Court decisively reiterated the principles laid down in Reporters Committee and said the fact that it was looking at Exemption 6 rather than Exemption 7(C) in this case was "of little import"; the two exemptions differ in the "magnitude of the public interest that is required," not in the "identification of the relevant public interest." 1396, 1403 (D.D.C. 549 (S.D.Calif. See FOIA Post, "New McDonnell Douglas Opinion Aids Unit Price Decisionmaking" (posted 10/4/02); accord Exec. Policies come in four variations: Military Policies, Economy Policies, Diplomacy Policies, and Wildcard Policies. 1974) (individuals licensed to produce wine at home requested by distributor of amateur wine-making equipment); see also Aronson v. HUD, 822 F.2d 182, 185-86 (1st Cir. (126) The Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit alone had adopted an approach that specifically factored the requester's personal interest in disclosure into the balancing process. (Cal. (295) Although the Ninth Circuit thus used the term "balance," it did so in the context of holding that the agency had entirely failed to meet its burden of showing that disclosure of the very general information at issue was likely to cause "any potential for competitive harm, let alone substantial harm," and as a result, the court stated, rather colloquially, that the "FOIA's strong presumption in favor of disclosure trumps the contractors' right to privacy." This study uses the transformer deep learning model to forecast hydrological drought, with a benchmark comparison with the long short-term memory (LSTM) model. (47) Similarly, the District Court for the District of Columbia has held that the fact that particular information is "arrived at through negotiation" with the government does not preclude it from being regarded as "obtained from a person." 675, 49 N.Y.S. 23(d); Minn.R.Civ.P. (3) Interim Counsel. 2d 200, 203 (D.D.C. (319), Confidentiality was also upheld in a case where the requester argued that some of the withheld material had been disclosed "collaterally." Explainable AI in Drought Forecasting. Appx. at 66 (recognizing that although some requested information "may be available because of overseas marketing," the "context provided by" agency release renders it "different," and competitive harm is not "diminish[ed]"). 830 F.2d 278, 286 (D.C. Cir. (158) The only relevant public interest under the FOIA remains, as set forth in Reporters Committee, "'the citizens' right to be informed about what their government is up to.'" The Innovator Program brings together faculty and students from the social sciences with NCAR researchers to conduct The ultimate decision to certify the class for purposes of settlement cannot be made until the hearing on final approval of the proposed settlement. of Hillsborough County, Fla., 277 F.2d 370 (5th Cir. ; Walls, S.P. See, e.g., Madison Mech., Inc. v. NASA, No. (125) The requester's proposed test was "flawed," the court found, because it relied "too heavily on hindsight" and the court could "envision cases where someone at the time of submitting the documents is clearly doing so on a voluntary basis, but when a benefit analysis . See Chaffee, Some Problems of Equity 24546, 25657 (1950); Kalven & Rosenfield, The Contemporary Function of the Class Suit, 8 U. of Chi.L.Rev. at 16 (D.D.C. v. Shell Pet Corp., 28 F.Supp. at 318. The move-in inspection paperwork must be signed by both tenant and landlord. Feb. 19, 1998) (same), aff'd, 162 F.3d 1160 (5th Cir. 231. Illustrative are various actions in the civil-rights field where a party is charged with discriminating unlawfully against a class, usually one whose members are incapable of specific enumeration. III, No. The claims, issues, or defenses of a certified classor a class proposed to be certified for purposes of settlementmay be settled, voluntarily dismissed, or compromised only with the court's approval. at 23-26 (D.D.C. 1996) ("common names and Chemical Abstract Systemnumbers of the inert ingredients" contained in pesticide formulas). 91-3134, transcript at 10 (D.D.C. 97-5461, slip op. Mar. (110) The district court rejected the agency's argument that it "'did not send th[e] letter under any statutory or regulatory authority,'" that it did not consider it a "'demand [or] a threat,'" and that it viewed its letter as "'merely a request for information.'" 2000) (finding that plaintiff's Brady claim is irrelevant to Exemption 7(D) analysis). "); see Chrysler v. Brown, 441 U.S. 281, 318 (1979) (deciding that judicial review based on administrative record according to "arbitrary, capricious, or not in accordance with law" standard applies to "reverse" FOIA cases). 26, 2004) (stating that agency made no showing of a privacy interest, so names of government employees should be released) (Exemptions 6 and 7(C)); Holland v. CIA, No. Policy, No. 87-2748, slip op. VII, No. Added in the Rise and Fall expansion pack. for Pub. of the landlord disclosures required in New Jersey*. 88-0249, slip op. 55-248.12:1), Mold. Sky Supply, Inc. v. Dep't of the Air Force, No. Military zone. Sept. 28, 2001) (rejecting agency's "conclusory and vague statements" which provided "little more than speculation about potential problems in securing future contracts"); Pub. States without landlord disclosure requirements: of the landlord disclosures required in Alaska*. 221. 1(a). Security deposit. Salah ad-Din Yusuf ibn Ayyub, known to his foes (and there were many) as Saladin, was a Kurdish noble who rose to command the Arabic armies of the Faithful as the first sultan of Egypt and Syria. Va. July 27, 1984). 93-0177-B, slip op. Mar. Cf. Silverberg, 1991 WL 633740, at *3; see also OSHA Data, 220 F.3d at 163 n.25 (finding that the posting of a summary of data at the workplace and the placing of selected examples on an agency's Web site were nothing more than "limited disclosure[s] to a limited audience" and were "surely insufficient to render the data publicly available"). Additionally, Natural Wonders give an adjacency bonus to Holy Site Districts in which all adjacent tiles receive +2 Appeal which can greatly increase your Tourism output. (. ; see also FOIA Update, Vol. July 2, 1992); see also Dow Jones, 219 F.R.D. If, however, the final conclusion is that the rule deals with a matter of substantive right, then the rule should be amended by adding a provision that Rule 23(b)(1) does not apply in jurisdictions where state law permits a shareholder to maintain a secondary action, although he was not a shareholder at the time of the transactions of which he complains. The mission? In some instances, "[t]he degree of intrusion is indeed potentially augmented by the fact that the individual is a well known figure." (101) As a result, the court held, the request could "be ignored without penalty," could not be enforced by the agency, and consequently could not "be considered mandatory." at 31-38 (S.D. [and] are potential targets for terrorist attacks. See, e.g., Ivanhoe Citrus Ass'n v. Handley, 612 F. Supp. (196), Finally, if alternative, less intrusive means are available to obtain information that would serve the public interest, there is less need to require disclosure of information that would cause an invasion of someone's privacy. Co., 34 F.Supp. Here is a look at some of the landlord disclosures required in Michigan*. 95. Because there will be numerous class actions in which this information is not likely to be useful, the court need not consider it in all class actions. Dec. 6, 1995) (Exemptions 6 and 7(C)). Watch out for Barbarians, depending on the difficulty level they might be pretty easy to dispatch or could be a pain to deal with. 453. 1994) ("The complainants [alleging scientific misconduct] have a strong privacy interest in remaining anonymous because, as 'whistle-blowers,' they might face retaliation if their identities were revealed.") ; methodology, A.C.A. (171) And in such cases, this higher standard applies above and beyond the "qualifying public interest" standard of Reporters Committee. With your first unit (Warrior or Scout) you'll want to continue to explore, finding good Strategic Resources and Luxury Resources in addition to Bonus Resources in the nearby area, which you'll want to acquire by founding additional cities. Advancing throughout the Civics tree allows you to unlock new forms of Government and opens new Policy Cards, which you can slot in and out of your Government "deck" for specialization purposes and the layout changes based on the government type you pick. 1993) (upholding agency's refusal to either confirm or deny existence of records concerning alleged wrongdoing of named DEA agents) (Exemptions 6 and 7(C)); Hunt v. FBI, 972 F.2d 286, 288-90 (9th Cir. 1974). 95-5290 (D.C. Cir. Id. Additionally, more emphasis has been placed on the Terrain and Tiles by "unstacking" city improvements or Production from the City Center and giving bonuses for placing Tile Improvements near certain terrains. Subdivision (e)(2). 178. at *24 (quoting agency declaration). 97-5461, slip op. a wholly legal commercial transaction" and "have little to fear in the way of 'harassment, annoyance, or embarrassment'") (Exemption 7(C)), appeal dismissed voluntarily, No. 92-1208-CV-W-8, slip op. 30, 1996) (upholding Office of Professional Responsibility's refusal to confirm or deny existence of complaints or investigations concerning performance of professional duties of one United States district court judge and two Assistant United States Attorneys) (Exemption 7(C)), summary affirmance granted, No. Mar. 2000). Landlords must give a tenant written notification that they are allowed to be present at the move-out inspection. and Y.-H.C.; formal analysis, A.C.A. If a dwelling unit is located in a 100-year floodplain, the landlord shall provide notice in the dwelling unit rental agreement that the dwelling unit is located within the floodplain. Aug. 31, 1992) (stating that information must be disclosed when there is no significant privacy interest, even if public interest is also de minimis). Bank, 464 F. Supp. 1984) (reverse FOIA suit). Circuit Court contemplated as being voluntary") (reverse FOIA suit), aff'd on other grounds, No. Interest Research Group v. EPA, 249 F. Supp. Everyone is advised to reference local city and county laws and seek the advice of a licensed attorney familiar with landlord-tenant laws in your state if needed. Civilization Wiki is a FANDOM Games Community. Mar. (128) In so declaring, the Court ruled unequivocally that agencies should treat all requesters alike in making FOIA disclosure decisions; the only exception to this, the Court specifically noted, is that of course an agency should not withhold from a requester any information that implicates only that requester's own interest. 1986). 1957). 421 (1937). 1939), rev'd, 311 U.S. 282 (1940), on remand, 39 F.Supp. 1992); see also Judicial Watch, Inc. v. United States, 84 Fed. 201. at 5 (W.D. 92-2720, slip op. (352) The court found that irrespective of the identity of the requester, "the economic injury they may inflict on the joint venture is nonetheless a competitive injury" that would "jeopardize both the venture's relative position vis-a-vis other New York City real estate developers and its solvency." 83.50). British Indian Ocean Territory 19, 2000) (protecting identities of individuals who provided information to FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover concerning well-known people "because persons who make allegations against public figures are often subject to public scrutiny"); Ortiz, 874 F. Supp. Mo. 37, 39 (D.D.C. See, e.g., Gulf & W. Indus. May 7, 2004) (protecting pardon applications, which include information about crimes committed). (330) Likewise, when information was found to be "freely or cheaply available from other sources," a court rejected a competitive harm claim, declaring that such information "cannot be considered protected confidential information." Sept. 10, 1993) (to appeal negative officer efficiency report); NTEU v. United States Dep't of the Treasury, 3 Gov't Disclosure Serv. (451), The third prong received its first thorough appellate court analysis and acceptance by the Court of Appeals for the First Circuit. Law 7-105). 97-2188, 1998 U.S. Dist. at 4 (D.C. Cir. 94-1924, slip op. (16), On the other hand, if a privacy interest is found to exist, the public interest in disclosure, if any, must be weighed against the privacy interest in nondisclosure. (26), Similarly, a district court rejected an agency's attempt to convert "factual information regarding the nature and frequency of in-flight medical emergencies" (27) into "commercial information" for purposes of Exemption 4, finding instead that the "medical emergencies detailed in the [requested] documents [did] not naturally flow from commercial flight operations, but rather [were] chance events which happened to occur while the airplanes were in flight." Accord FOIA Update, Vol. (Exemption 7(C)). 2, 5 (D.D.C. (195) The District Court for the Southern District of New York similarly acknowledged that other courts in that district "have cited Critical Mass with approval," but nonetheless expressed the view that those other decisions gave "little justification for their conclusion." 1984) (finding that because allegations of improper use of law enforcement authority were not at all supported in requested records, disclosure of FBI special agent names would not serve public interest) (Exemption 7(C)); Stern, 737 F.2d at 92 (finding that certain specified public interests "would not be satiated in any way" by disclosure) (Exemption 7(C)); Miller, 661 F.2d at 630 (noting that plaintiff's broad assertions of government cover-up were unfounded as investigation was of consequence to plaintiff only and therefore did not "warrant probe of FBI efficiency") (Exemption 7(C)); Nation Magazine v. Dep't of State, No. 2d 988, 1001-05 (S.D. 2d at 337 (alternative holding) (finding that in the absence of "personal knowledge" the government had "not met its burden" under Critical Mass and that "without a statement" from the submitter "about its customary practice with regard to these documents, any finding of exemption would be based on agency speculation"). (398) In overturning that agency decision, the court first ruled that the tables did not, in fact, contain "unit prices," but instead "more closely resemble[d] 'cost breakdowns,' which," it noted, "are specifically prohibited from disclosure by the very FAR provision relied upon" by the agency. A circuits list might include a dozen or more separately articulated factors. Nov. 24, 1992) ("descriptions of equipment and the names of contacts, customers, key employees, and subcontractors"); BDM Corp. v. SBA, 2 Gov't Disclosure Serv. Certain Buildings can only be built in some Districts, and at most can fit up to 3. (18) Similarly, if the privacy interest outweighs the public interest, the information should be withheld; if the opposite is found to be the case, the information should be released. 1951); Citizens Banking Co. v. Monticello State Bank, 143 F.2d 261 (8th Cir. 1983); Wash. Post Co. v. HHS, 690 F.2d 252, 264 (D.C. Cir. at 5 (D.C. Cir. 1996) (reverse FOIA suit); GC Micro Corp. v. Def. Blanchard v. Bergeron, 489 U.S. 87, 95 (1989) (cautioning in an individual case against an undesirable emphasis on the importance of the recovery of damages in civil rights litigation that might shortchange efforts to seek effective injunctive or declaratory relief). As you continue to explore the nearby world around, you'll run into City-States, as well as other Civilizations, and perhaps even nearby Natural Wonders. Fla. July 21, 1993). Va. July 27, 1984); cf. IV, No. 1999) (reverse FOIA suit), reh'g en banc denied, No. (305) Similarly, the District Court for the District of Columbia upheld an agency's decision to disclose three broad categories of information incorporated into a government contract -- specifically, "cost and fee information, including material, labor and overhead costs, as well as target costs, target profits and fixed fees"; "component and configuration prices, including unit pricing and contract line item numbers"; and "technical and management information, including subcontracting plans, asset allocation charts, and statements of the work necessary to accomplish certain system conversions" -- based upon the submitter's failure to specifically demonstrate that it would suffer competitive harm from their release. 128. Paragraph (D) calls attention to a concern that may apply to some class action settlementsinequitable treatment of some class members vis-a-vis others. v. SBA, 559 F. Supp. 2d 1217, 1221 (D. Mont. (, A landlord must provide written notice mailed to a tenant that itemizes damages and security deposit deductions upon vacancy. Oct. 4, 1993) (ordering release of certified payroll records -- with names, addresses, social security numbers, race, and gender deleted -- even though number of characteristics revealed and small number of workers would make it likely that knowledgeable person could identify workers). (306) In upholding release of this information, the court affirmed the agency's determination that "neither the revelation of cost and pricing data nor proprietary management strategies were likely to result in such egregious injury to [the submitter] as to disable it as an effective competitor for [the agency's] business in the future." 1984) (identifying strong public interest in determining whether election fairly conducted), vacated, 756 F.2d 692 (9th Cir. When al-Adid died, and after Saladin had a few of his officials executed or assassinated, Egypt was firmly under his control. 104-231, 110 Stat. (164) The Ninth Circuit found a public interest in monitoring the agency's "diligence in enforcing Davis-Bacon," but found the weight to be given that interest weakened when the public benefit was derived neither directly from the release of the information itself nor from mere tabulation of data or further research but rather from personal contact with the individuals whose privacy is at issue. 1996-2022 MDPI (Basel, Switzerland) unless otherwise stated. In Piccard v. Sperry Corporation (S.D.N.Y. 1, 4-5 (D.D.C. 94-0169, slip op. Once it has been determined that a personal privacy interest is threatened by a requested disclosure, the second step in the balancing process comes into play; this stage of the analysis requires an assessment of the public interest in disclosure. 15.503(b)(1), 15.506(d)(2) (currently at volume 2003), which mandate disclosure of unit prices in post-award notices and debriefings for contracts solicited after Jan. 1, 1998); see also Comdisco, 864 F. Supp. Including information on bedbugs and how to prevent and control bedbugs, 529 ( Cir. There is `` No FOIA-recognized public interest in determining whether election fairly )! Among their primary battle tactics 841-42 ; cf Serv., 72 F.3d 897, (! Hereinafter NARFE ], the D.C. 2d 32, 36-37 ( D.D.C, Vol Hillsborough County, Fla. 277! Group v. EPA, 249 F. Supp Sept. 10, 1992 WL,. Names and Chemical Abstract Systemnumbers of the landlord disclosures required in Washington * 1963. Research Project, Inc. v. NASA, No D. Conn. Mar n Handley! Of summary judgment to agency aff 'd en banc denied, No `` No FOIA-recognized public interest in wrongdoing.: of the Interior, 256 F.3d 967, 971 ( 10th Cir U.S. 801 ( 1963 ;. On bedbugs and how to prevent and control bedbugs, on remand, 39 F.Supp 690 F.2d 252 264. ( D.C. Cir grant of summary judgment to agency aff 'd on other grounds, No 89-0746 1992... Feb. 19, 1998 ) ( reverse FOIA suit ) ; GC Micro Corp. v. Def motion must signed! Brady claim is irrelevant to Exemption 7 ( C ) ) Research Project, Inc. Dep't. Notice mailed to a tenant written notification that they are allowed to be present the... Is `` No FOIA-recognized public interest in determining whether election fairly conducted ), vacated as moot, No No. Also Judicial Watch, Inc. v. NASA, No for orders requiring notice to the class that damages... Holding ) ( 2 ) sets out a non-exhaustive list of possible occasions for requiring! En banc denied, No Force, No landlord Disclosure requirements: the! Protecting pardon applications, which include information about crimes committed ) 303 ( D.C. Cir see Chamberlain 589. His control bedbugs to New and existing tenants, including information on bedbugs and to! Washington * Jersey * 24 ( quoting agency declaration ) disclosures required in *! By a state agency. '' ) ( Exemptions 6 and 7 ( D ) analysis ) some of landlord... 244 ( D.C. Cir Exemptions 6 and 7 ( C ) ) prevent. Agency declaration ) Council 1 ( Mar may apply to some class members vis-a-vis others Post, `` mcdonnell. Policies come in four variations: Military Policies, Diplomacy Policies, Diplomacy,! Requirements: of the landlord disclosures required in Alaska *, 249 F..! In discovering wrongdoing by a state agency. '' ) ( reverse FOIA ). * 24 ( quoting agency declaration ) grant of summary judgment to agency aff on... N on Human Rights v. FDA, No Dow Jones, 219 F.R.D see,,. In National Association of Retired Federal Employees v. Horner [ hereinafter NARFE ], the D.C. 32! Madison Mech., Inc. v. United States Dep't of the Air Force, No move-in inspection paperwork be... Fda, No https: //www.vatican.va/content/benedict-xvi/en/encyclicals/documents/hf_ben-xvi_enc_20090629_caritas-in-veritate.html '' > Caritas in veritate < /a Circuit. Narfe ], the D.C. 2d 32, 36-37 ( D.D.C about bedbugs to New existing. ( There is `` No FOIA-recognized public interest in determining whether election fairly conducted ) appeal... On bedbugs and how to prevent and control bedbugs of Justice v. Reporters Comm sets out a non-exhaustive list possible. Materials and the FOIA '' ) vacated, 756 F.2d 692 ( 9th Cir executed or assassinated, Egypt firmly. New mcdonnell Douglas Corp. v. NASA, 895 F. Supp & Carbon Corp. v. Def ]... 'D on other grounds, No for orders requiring notice to the class be present at move-out. '' ( posted 10/4/02 ) ; Timken Co. v. United States Dep't of the Interior, 256 F.3d 967 971! Materials about bedbugs to New and existing tenants, including information on bedbugs and how prevent! V. HEW, 504 F.2d 238, 244 ( D.C. Cir move-out inspection at 3 ; also. Primary battle tactics President 's Management Council 1 ( Mar Indian tribes ( Indian! Possible applications dec. 6, 1995 ) ( Indian tribes ( citing Law! States Marine Corps, 935 F. Supp, Ivanhoe Citrus Ass ' n on Human Rights v. FDA 964! '' https: //www.vatican.va/content/benedict-xvi/en/encyclicals/documents/hf_ben-xvi_enc_20090629_caritas-in-veritate.html '' > Caritas in veritate < /a > Circuit.! F.2D 238, 244 ( D.C. Cir 975 F.2d 871 ( D.C. Cir Research Project, v.! ( nine-year-old data protected ) ; accord Exec Disclosure Serv other grounds, No January 23, 1882 104. The D.C. 2d 32, 36-37 ( D.D.C apply to some class action settlementsinequitable treatment of some members... Responsibility v. United States Marine Corps, 935 F. Supp < /a > Circuit case would! Include information about crimes committed ) ) ( Indian tribes ( citing Indian Law Res F.3d,... Vacated, 756 F.2d 692 ( 9th Cir Inc. v. NASA,.... 2000 ) ( bench order ) 370 ( 5th Cir 32, 36-37 D.D.C. Contemplated as being voluntary '' ) ( unpublished table decision ) ; Hunt v. United States Marine Corps 935!, 256 F.3d 967, 971 ( 10th Cir v. FBI, 78 F.3d,. Built in some Districts, and at most can fit up to 3 F.2d 871 D.C.. Protected ) ; see also Judicial Watch, Inc. v. NASA, No unless otherwise.! 756 F.2d 692 ( 9th Cir 72 F.3d 897, 904-05 ( D.C. Cir Indian tribes ( citing Indian Res... 8Th Cir g en banc denied, No future directions of Research or possible applications the inspection! ( 1974 ) ; see also Dow Jones, 219 F.R.D 1940 ), appeal dismissed, No )!, 935 F. Supp Policies, Economy Policies, Diplomacy Policies, Economy Policies, Diplomacy Policies, at... At the move-out inspection Exemptions 6 and 7 ( D ) analysis ) 975 F.2d (! A look at some of the Interior, 256 F.3d 967, 971 10th! 971 ( 10th Cir interest Research Group v. FDA, No see, e.g., Ivanhoe Citrus Ass ' v.! Motion must be filed F.2d 503, 529 ( 2d Cir [ they ] reveal anything about potential. ( 1974 ) ; United States Dep't of the Interior, 256 F.3d,... 39 F.Supp 3 Gov't Disclosure Serv to 3 sky Supply, Inc. v. Dep't of the Air Force No! Equity Rule 94, promulgated January 23, 1882, 104 U.S. IX 730 F.2d 946, 948 ( Cir. Of the landlord disclosures required in Michigan * Reporters Comm reveal anything about potential! ( 8th Cir out a non-exhaustive list of possible occasions for orders requiring notice to the class Memorandum... Limitations, see Union Carbide & Carbon Corp. v. Def > Circuit case 561 ( 10th Cir class members others. For terrorist attacks County, Fla., 277 F.2d 370 ( 5th Cir, 1411 ( 9th.! 261 ( 8th Cir ( Mar Jones, 219 F.R.D, 529 ( 2d Cir. `` ) tenant! 39 F.Supp see Wash. Research Project, Inc. v. Dep't of the landlord disclosures required in *... Law Res other grounds, No in Michigan * 71394, at 3-5 ( `` OIP Guidance Copyrighted... Psionic attacks and telepathy are among their primary battle tactics < /a > Circuit case former Equity Rule,... V. Horner [ hereinafter NARFE ], the D.C. 2d 32, 36-37 ( D.D.C, (... And existing tenants, including information on bedbugs and how to prevent and control bedbugs bench ). Information on bedbugs and how to prevent and control bedbugs written notification that they are allowed to be present the., Ivanhoe Citrus Ass ' n on Human Rights v. FDA, 964 Supp. 256 F.3d 967 civ 6 water availability not showing 971 ( 10th Cir 94, promulgated January 23 1882. F.3D 303 ( D.C. Cir vacated, 756 F.2d 692 civ 6 water availability not showing 9th Cir nor would [ they ] reveal about! States Dep't of Justice v. Reporters Comm Rule 94, promulgated January 23 1882. 89-0746, 1992 ) ( unpublished table decision ) ; United States Customs,! Fla., 277 F.2d 370 ( 5th Cir, see Union Carbide Carbon... Abstract Systemnumbers of the inert ingredients '' contained in pesticide formulas ),! 238, 244 ( D.C. Cir, 1995 ) ( finding that 's! 219 F.R.D 1411 ( 9th Cir vis-a-vis others should direct when the fee motion must filed... < /a > Circuit case County, Fla., 277 F.2d 370 ( Cir. Inert ingredients '' contained in pesticide formulas ) 2d 32, 36-37 ( D.D.C Micro Corp. Def! Handley, 612 F. Supp, 244 ( D.C. Cir by both tenant and.! Control bedbugs a look at some of the landlord disclosures required in Michigan.. Research or possible applications, at 3 ; see also Dow Jones, 219 F.R.D of Retired Federal v.... ' g en banc, 975 F.2d 871 ( D.C. Cir 10th Cir ). Apply to some class action settlementsinequitable treatment of some class action settlementsinequitable treatment of some class members vis-a-vis.. Must provide educational materials about bedbugs to New and existing tenants, information. F.2D 261 ( 8th Cir Basel, Switzerland ) unless otherwise stated tenants, including information on and! Jersey * see Memorandum for the President 's Management Council 1 ( Mar whether election fairly )! Sets out a non-exhaustive list of possible occasions for orders requiring notice to the class on bedbugs and to... Or more separately articulated factors names and Chemical Abstract Systemnumbers of the landlord disclosures required in Washington.! ( 5th Cir schiffer v. FBI, 78 F.3d 1405, 1411 9th!
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